Overview of the Country of Georgia

Technically located in Asia but having a European feel, the country of Georgia is a republic that was formerly part of the Soviet Union. It obtained its independence on April 9, 1991, when the USSR disbanded. Prior to that, it was called the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. Fast Facts: Georgia Capital: TbilisiPopulation: 4.003 million  (2018)Official Languages: Georgian, AbkhazCurrency: Lari (GEL)Form of Government: Semi-presidential republicClimate: Warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coastTotal Area: 26,911 square miles (69,700 square kilometers)Highest Point: Mta Shkhara at 17,038 feet (5,193 meters)Lowest Point: Black Sea at 0 feet (0 meters) Major Cities More than half of the population of the country lives in urban areas, including its capital of Tbilisi (population 1 million, 2018 estimate), Batumi, and Kutaisi. Government The government of Georgia is a republic, and it has a unicameral (one chamber) legislature (parliament). The leader of Georgia is president Giorgi Margvelashvili, with Giorgi Kvirikashvili serving as prime minister. People of Georgia The population of Georgia is about 4 million people but there is a declining population growth rate, coming in at 1.76 fertility rate (2.1 is the population replacement level). Major ethnic groups in Georgia include the Georgians, at almost 87 percent; Azeri, 6 percent (from Azerbaijan); and Armenian, at 4.5 percent. All others make up the remainder, including Russians, Ossetians, Yazidis, Ukrainians, Kists (an ethnic group primarily living in the Pankisi Gorge region), and Greeks. Languages The languages spoken in Georgia include Georgian, which is the countrys official language. The Georgian language is thought to have origins in ancient Aramaic and sounds (and looks) distinct and unlike any other languages. The BBC notes, Some consonants, for example, are pronounced from the back of the throat with a sudden guttural puff of air. Other languages spoken in Georgia include Azeri, Armenian, and Russian, but the official language of the Abkhazia region is Abkhaz. Religion The country of Georgia is 84 percent Orthodox Christian and 10 percent Muslim. Christianity became the official religion in the fourth century, though its location near the Ottoman and Persian empires and Mongols made it a battleground for influence there. Geography Georgia is strategically located in the Caucasus Mountains, and its highest point is Mount  Shkhara, at 16,627 feet (5,068 m). The country occasionally suffers from earthquakes, and one-third of the country is forested. Coming in at 26,911 square miles (69,700 sq km), it is slightly smaller than South Carolina and borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkey, and the Black Sea. As would be expected, population density decreases with an increase in altitude, as the climate becomes more inhospitable and atmosphere thinner. Less than 2 percent of the population of the world lives above 8,000 feet. Climate Georgia has a pleasant Mediterranean, subtropical kind of climate in lower elevations and at the coast due to its latitudinal location along the Black Sea and protection from cold weather from the north via the Caucasus Mountains. Those mountains also give the country additional climates based on elevation, as at moderately high elevations, there is an alpine climate, without much of a summer. At the highest, there is snow and ice year-round. The countrys southeastern regions are the driest, as the rain amounts increase the closer one gets to the sea. Economy Georgia, with its pro-Western views and developing economy, hopes to join both NATO and the European Union. Its currency is the Georgian lari. Its agricultural products include grapes (and wine), sugar beets, tobacco, plants for essential oils, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts. People also raise bees, silkworms, poultry, sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs. About half of the economy comes from agricultural products, employing about one-quarter of the working population. Mining includes manganese, coal, talc, marble, copper, and gold, and the country also has various small industries, such as chemicals/fertilizer. History In the first century, Georgia was under the dominion of the Roman Empire. After time spent under the Persian, Arab, and Turkish empires, it had its own golden age in the 11th through 13th centuries. Then the Mongols came. Next, the Persian and Ottoman Empires each wanted to dominate the area. In the 1800s, it was the Russian Empire that took over. After a brief period of independence following the Russian Revolution, the country was absorbed into the USSR in 1921. In 2008, Russia and Georgia fought five days over the breakaway region of South Ossetia in the north. It and Abkhazia have long been outside of the control of the Georgian government. They have their own de-facto governments, are supported by Russia, and thousands of Russian troops are still occupying the region. South Ossetia had claimed independence from Georgia in the 1990s, creating a need for peacekeeping troops after some sporadic fighting. Abkhazia had also declared its independence, though both regions are technically still part of Georgia as far as most of the world is concerned. Russia has recognized their independence but also has built military bases there that fly the Russian flag, and its military has put up border fencing around peoples homes, through peoples fields, and in the middle of towns. The village of Khurvaleti (700 people) is split between Russian-controlled land and that which is under Georgian control.

Critical Analysis - the Things They Carried Essay - 815 Words

â€Å"The Things They Carried† In the short story â€Å"The Things They Carried†, Tim O’Brien wrote about the experience of war and the feelings young soldiers felt during their long days of travel. During the story he keeps referring back to the things the soldiers chose to carry in their packs. Some of these items included necessity items like grenades and ammunition, but they also carry sentimental items like love letters and pictures. These items help the reader better understand each person for who they are and help us to understand the physical situation the soldiers are in. In â€Å"The Things They Carried†, Tim O’Brien describes the item the soldiers carry in their packs and the emotional weight they carry to help give a better†¦show more content†¦The whole atmosphere†¦they carried gravity† (O’Brien 124). The reader is given much attention to the weight and pressure of all the external forces the soldier would carry. But the greatest of weight t he men carried with them was not physical at all. It was their emotions: â€Å"Grief, terror, love, longing these were intangibles, but the intangibles had their own mass and specific gravity, they had tangible weight.† (O’Brien 126) Throughout the story, O’Brien gives long, tedious, monotonous and utterly boring lists of the things the men carried. â€Å"The things they carried were largely determined by necessity† (O’Brien 117), but each man’s necessities were different. All of the men carried very heavy loads to begin with, and added to these loads things that seemingly lightened their burdens. O’Brien’s point behind all this listing is to show the reader just how much physical weight these men carried and how slow and tedious the war in which they fought was. â€Å"They moved like mules†¦ it was just the endless march, village to village, without purpose, nothing won or lost.† (O’Brien 124) Many of the so ldiers carried personal possession from back home to remind them of the life they had left. Jimmy Cross carried a picture of Martha and letters she wrote to him. Jimmy Cross also carried the pebble Martha sent to him from the Jersey shore. This would remind him of how he yearned to be back at home with her. Kiowa carriedShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried Critical Analysis1538 Words   |  7 PagesVietnam War remains an affliction for Vietnam War Veterans and their families. Millions of our youth were forced to leave their home and carry inconceivable burdens. Thus, as a Veteran, Tim O’Brien can depict thoroughly their burdens in â€Å"The Things They Carried†. His story brings us back to war-torn Vietnam and First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross and his platoon. Cross is the commanding officer; however, he does not concentrate on the war but on his unrequited love. As a result, a Viet Cong kills one of hisRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis : Financial Assessment And Fu ture Prospects Of Business Undertakings Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment, productivity, dissolvability, and monetary quality of an undertaking. Monetary Statement Analysis is an investigation which discriminatingly looks at the relationship between different components of the Financial Statements with a perspective to acquire vital and compelling data from these. It a methodology of filtering Financial Statements for assessing the relationship between the things as revealed in these. 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The Implications of DNA Profiling Essay - 3166 Words

The Implications of DNA Profiling Former attorney General Janet Reno described our system of justice as a search for the truth.(1) Increasingly, the forensic use of DNA technology is an important ally in that search. DNA fingerprinting, better known in the scientific realm as DNA profiling, has given police and the courts a means of identifying the perpetrators of rapes and murders with a very high degree of confidence. However, nine years after its introduction, forensic DNA typing is still used only selectively. This is due to a variety of factors, including the unavailability of forensic typing to local prosecutors, the time required to perform the typing, and the costs of the tests if private laboratories are utilized. Formerly†¦show more content†¦Sometimes, this can be a difference of just one base pair. These differences are called polymorphisms and are the key to DNA typing.(3) There are many sources of DNA for testing. Blood is one of the key sources, though the surface on which a bloodstain is found can profoundly affect the ability to successfully perform an analysis. In addition, bloodstains may be mixtures of blood from two different people and can produce DNA profiles that are more complex than those from a single individual. Ironically, DNA profiling may be the only way to determine if a given stain is a mixture. Semen stains are the most common evidence to be submitted for DNA analysis, which is not surprising since the cases in which DNA testing has been used the most often are rapes. DNA can also be extracted from tissues (taken at autopsy), hair roots, saliva, and in rare instances, urine.(4) It is important to note that only a miniscule amount of DNA is needed for analysis. For example, the amount of DNA found at the root of one hair is usually sufficient. Environmental factors also play a role in determining whether a particular sample of DNA c an be utilized. 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Notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since faded away to the stunning reliability of DNA forensics. In 1984, British geneticist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered an interesting new marker in the human genome. Most DNA information is the same in every human, but the junk code between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigative purposes

First Act of The Crucible Essay Example For Students

First Act of The Crucible Essay The first words the Crucible of this play serve as an excellent guide to the forthcoming events of paranoia and hysteria. A crucible is an object, in which materials, often metals, are heated to extreme temperatures where they are then purified. This play shows a community in Salem, Massachusetts in the late 17th century, which ignites, and burns with accusations of witchcraft, retribution, and mass hysteria. In this essay however, I will explore the first act of the play, which forms a strong foundation for the events that are soon to spiral out of control. The first act deals with all the main characters that symbolise the ideas dealt with within the play. I shall discuss each of the characters in turn and the role that they play in The Crucible. In my opinion, it is use of characters that makes a play effective, and it is important that the reader can relate to them. In this play, without the complexity of the characters and their motives, I believe that The Crucible would not have such tensions, and the heights of such intensity would not be reached by the accusations of witchcraft. The setting that Miller chooses for this play is particularly important. Miller establishes at the start of Act One that life in Salem is very rigid and has a close-knit society. This quality of the society in Salem makes it particularly receptive to the mass hysteria of the witch trials that are soon to follow. Salem was governed by religious power, as it describes at the beginning of Act One the people of Salem developed a theocracy material or ideological enemies. They desired to be protected from the outside world, and therefore the community became a very close one in which secrets could not lie hidden for any period of time. Conflicts had been repressed and thanks to the accusations these long held hatreds of neighbours could not be openly expressed, and vengeance taken. In order to understand the circumstances that are witnessed in The Crucible, we must look beyond. In humans quest to know everything in the universe, and explain every event precisely, people become desperate to learn the truth. This forces people to turn to the supernatural, and confront the devil. In Act One, the issues are presented straight away with religion, the work of God, and the supernatural, the work of the Devil, going hand in hand. The first example of this turning to the supernatural is Susanna Walcott saying, You might look to unnatural things for the cause of it. She says this after barely a page of the play, giving the reader a taste of what is to come. I think that the implantation of the issue of religion and the supernatural are reflected in the characters, and that this contributes to the conflict throughout the entire play. In order to understand the strong conflicts that emerge between the characters, it is necessary to learn of their backgrounds and the past. Miller deals with this very well, not only relying upon the dialogue, situation and setting but a number of passages that familiarize the reader to the characters backgrounds. Indeed in the First Act, there are many historical digressions that cannot be conveyed through theatrical devices. There are three characters that represent the supernatural and its uncontrollable qualities, with three characters that oppose the witchcraft accusations. Reverend Hale is probably the most complex character due to his contradictory beliefs, and his ability to change sides. Firstly, I will deal with the characters that instigate the witch trials in Salem. Miller chooses the Reverend Samuel Parris to be the man who symbolises the paranoia that characterise the trials. .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .postImageUrl , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:hover , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:visited , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:active { border:0!important; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:active , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: From Sendak's kitchen: the author and illustrator has cooked up a hearty menu for children EssayMiller establishes Parris as a materialistic man whose main concern is his reputation and status in the community. We can tell this from Parris asking for the deeds to his house unlike any preacher before him. He explains, saying, I want a mark of confidence majority feels the whim. He is a man generally disliked in the community. This is due to his preaching of hellfire and bloody damnation. With the presence of witchcraft looming, Parris now has a concrete manifestation of the evil he fears. The second character that serves as a catalyst to the mass hysteria and paranoia is Thomas Putnam, and to a lesser extent his wife. Thomas Putnam shows that his motivation is in his long-standing grudges against others. The witchcraft trials give Putnam an opportunity to exact revenge against others under the cover of the accusations. We are told in Millers information about Putnam, that a mysterious faction had stopped his wifes brother-in-law from ministry. He feels himself to be intellectually superior in the community, and his vindictive nature has been proved. His wife is quick to assume that the cause of Bettys illness is witchcraft, and is described as a twisted soul, haunted by dreams. The last and the main accuser of witchcraft is Abigail Williams. Miller quickly establishes Abigail as a pretender, or a strikingly beautiful girl, with an endless capacity for dissembling. She demonstrates a great ability for self-preservation: she admits what she must at times, and places the blame for her actions on the most convenient source, in this case Tituba. An excellent example is given within the First Act, when Abigail says, I always hear her laughing in my sleep. I hear her singing her Barbados songs and tempting me with-. Her motivations lie at the bottom of the accusations that grip Salem. It is therefore important that Miller establishes early on in Act One her affair with John Proctor, a character yet to be mentioned. All the accusations grow from her desire to displace Goody Proctor as John Proctors wife. She originally wants to use the witchcraft trials to achieve her aim, but soon finds that the trials serve as an escape valve for others hidden motives. She finds this to her disadvantage at the end of the play after John Proctor himself is accused and is hung.